Definition: Dandruff is a persistent, itchy scalp condition characterized by an excessive shedding of dead skin cells. It is a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis, a harmless but annoying skin disorder.
Signs and Symptoms: Dandruff is marked by white, oily flakes of dead skin on the hair and shoulders, accompanied by an itchy, scaling scalp. The scalp may be excessively dry or oily.
Cause: While the exact cause is unknown, dandruff is associated with an overgrowth of the fungus Pityrosporum ovale, which normally inhabits the scalp. This fungus can irritate the scalp, accelerating cell turnover and leading to an accumulation of dead skin cells.
Treatment/Solution: Although there is no cure for dandruff, it can be controlled with the right treatment. Mild cases can be managed with daily cleansing using an antidandruff shampoo containing zinc pyrithione or salicylic acid. These ingredients help slow cell turnover, reduce oiliness, and eliminate scaling. For best results, use the shampoo daily until the condition is under control, then reduce frequency to two or three times a week. Be sure to leave the shampoo on for at least five minutes to allow the ingredients to work effectively. Using a conditioner after shampooing can help counteract dryness.
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